← Articulet System Design, Made Clear Capstones
Readiness gate End of course

Capstones and readiness gate.

You are ready when you can perform across different system shapes, not when you finish reading.

Outcome
Validate compact-system reasoning, scale-heavy reasoning, and reliability-heavy reasoning with scored end-to-end answers.
Capstone set

Three systems, three different pressure shapes.

Capstone 1

Compact correctness

Design a distributed rate limiter for API keys, with burst support and per-region enforcement.

  • Deep dive: algorithm and shared state.
  • Failure: counter store latency spikes.
  • Trade-off: fairness versus latency.
Capstone 2

Scale-heavy product

Design a ranked news feed for users who follow both ordinary accounts and celebrity accounts.

  • Deep dive: fan-out and ranking path.
  • Failure: feed-generation backlog grows.
  • Trade-off: freshness versus cost.
Capstone 3

Async reliability

Design a notification system that supports email, push, and SMS with preferences and retries.

  • Deep dive: channel queues and retry semantics.
  • Failure: one provider is down.
  • Trade-off: delivery reliability versus duplicate risk.
Optional senior

Migration and operations

Take any capstone and explain how you would migrate from the simple version to the scaled version.

  • Rollout plan
  • Metrics and alerts
  • Cost and operational risk
Pass criteria

Interview-ready means no major weak dimension.

RequirementPass thresholdRetake ruleWhy it matters
All seven rubric dimensions At least 3 out of 4. Retry only the low dimension first. A single weak dimension can sink a strong technical answer.
One full diagram Readable in under two minutes. Redraw with fewer boxes and clearer paths. The interviewer needs a stable shared picture.
One deep dive Explains what breaks first and what fixes it. Pick a higher-pressure subsystem. Depth shows judgment better than broad component naming.
One recovery moment Names the issue and redirects calmly. Practice Chapter 22 recovery lines. Real interviews include pushback and ambiguity.
Final packet

What you should produce.

Answer recording

One 35-45 minute spoken answer, including clarification, estimate, sketch, deep dive, follow-up, and close.

Diagram snapshot

One clean architecture diagram annotated with hot path, side path, and bottleneck.

Rubric sheet

Scores for all seven dimensions, strongest signal, weakest signal, and retry target.